Essay on “Dialogue with Socrates”

Essay on â€Å"Dialogue with Socrates† Socrates: What did you just do young lady? Me: This man stole my painting ideas, which he used to paint the famous painting in the Courts in Athens. I have proof the shows that the original version of the painting was mine, here, look! Socrates: So what did you just do? Me: I taught the man a lesson he will never forget, I chopped off his fingers so he will never have to draw again. That is what he deserves! Socrates: Are you satisfied that what you did is good and justified? Me: Yes, I served justice, justice that was denied to me by the courts, justice that no one else could see but me, justice that no one else deserved but me, justice that no one else could serve but me. Socrates: What is justice young man? Me: Justice is doing to the bad people wrong and the good people right. Justice is harming the bad people and rewarding the good people. Socrates: And who are the good people and the bad people? Me: Good people are people who do good deeds, while bad people are people who do wrong. Socrates: You seem to be overwhelmed by anger that you forget your senses. We cannot use our own subjective judgment to identify which people are good and which are bad. Using this infallible judgment will make us do bad to good persons, and good to the bad persons, therefore, failing to uphold the concept of justice. There are many good people out there, highly virtuous, but with who we are not friends. At the same time, there are many bad people out there, quite lacking in virtue, but with whom we are friends. It, therefore, is not justified that we harm people as a way of seeking justice. Do you see my point? Me: But sir, we can easily identify bad people by their deeds as they always do bad things. Socrates: Good is an inherent virtue amongst everyone subconsciously. Knowledge is good, and knowledge leads to good. Good brings happiness to the soul, fulfilling everyone’s nature. There is a bit of good in every one of us, it is the desire and unconscious pursuit within our souls. Justice is good, and good is justice. Me: You know sir, I do not even understand what you are talking about. You want to know what I think is justice? Justice is in the advantage and benefit of the strong. The stronger you are, the more justly you will be served, and if I overpowered this man and chopped off his fingers, then to me, that is justice for myself. Your so-called justice is nothing but a restraint to the human desire to have more and become better, and adhering to this will not benefit man at all. Socrates: Your view, as i see, promotes and seeks to legitimize and glorify injustice. As I said earlier, if justice is good, then injustice is bad and bad can never be good. Justice is wise and injustice is contrary to wisdom. A wise man skilled in an art does not seek to compete or out do others skilled in the same art. He seeks to share with them, to learn from them, and to help them become even better. If you believed that the painting this man painted was originally yours; you should have painted your painting and presented it as well, and if his was accepted in the courts, yours would have been accepted in the temples. You should

Comparative Politics and the Peoples Republic of China

Comparative politics is an important aspect of political science in that instead of studying how this country functions, it studies why other countries around the world are the way they are. There must be some medium for finding the differences and similarities between one county and another. Another very important reason to study comparative politics is to better understand how certain regimes work. While studying comparative politics there is one regime that stands out to me. The rise of China as one of today’s economic powers is fascinating. When studying China’s political system on the form of comparative politics its best to look pass general questions. One has to study China’s whole system to truly understand its impact on all other nations. China has currently moved ahead of the United States in so many ways. Let’s consider the fact that not even 30 years ago china was considered impoverished country, but today it’s a global power. Sc holars in the pass assumed that poor country were doomed but the rapid rise of China and other nations invalidated such theories. What role would the following factors economic structure, political structure and social structure play in the democratization taking place in China? Through much of China’s history there has been a strong and steady political power. China’s political structure is designed in the form of a non-democratic communist regime. â€Å"Communist ideology holds that under capitalist economic systems the wealthyShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution : A Public Seizure Of The State Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesthat revolutions tend to happen after people are unhappy with the way things are handled within an institution. To be more specific, it s important to acknowledge that the definition according to Patrick H. 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Pol 202 Notes Free Essays

string(26) " are denoted in the ECHR\." POL 202: Introduction to International Relations Study Questions for Exam 3 Networks What role do transnational organizations and networks play in the boomerang model? In the boomerang model NGOs in one state are able to activate transnational linkage to bring pressure from other states on their own governments. When NGOs are blocked from influencing their own government they can activate their transnational networks and bring their plight to the attention of NGOs to other countries. TANs will mobilize opinions and voters in other counties. We will write a custom essay sample on Pol 202 Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is a Transnational Advocacy Network? Give an actual example. A Transnational Advocacy Network is a set of individual and nongovernmental organizations acting in pursuit of a normative objective. EX- Planned Parenthood Federation of America What do Transnational Advocacy Networks and Transnational Terrorist Networks have in common? They both aim to alter a behavior of a (foreign) government. Try to bring about social and political change What are the stages of the norms life cycle? First Stage- Actors attempt to convince an important population to accept and embrace their belief. Second Stage -Norm becomes near universal standard of behavior. During the second stage, the idea becomes a universal standard of behavior. Third Stage- Norm is internalized. Once a norm is internalized, certain actions become â€Å"taboo,† while others are viewed as â€Å"correct† or appropriate. What do we mean when we say that terrorists are rational? Because to be rational a person/group has to have purposive behavior or the stategies by which individuals or groups pursue their interest which terrorist have. Rational is not a statement about the substance of a person/groups belief or idea and have having an alternative perspective from the majority does not make them irrational. What is the difference between the terrorist strategies of coercion and provocation? Coercion- The threat or imposition of costs on other actors in order to change their behavior. Means of international include military force, economic, sanctions, and embargoes. Provocation- A strategy terrorists attacks intended to provoke the targets government into making a disproportionate response that alienates moderates in terrorists’ home society or in other sympathetic audiences. What is the difference between the terrorist strategies of spoiling and outbidding? Spoiling- A strategy of terrorist attacks intended to sabotage a prospective peace between the target and moderate leadership from the terrorists’ home society. Outbidding- A strategy of terrorists attacks designed to demonstrate a capability for leadership and commitment a capability for relative to another, similar terrorist groups. Identify two limitations that will likely prevent Transnational Advocacy Networks from replacing national governments. 1. Cannot legally bind their members. 2. Must rely on voluntary compliance from their targets 3. Depend on benign treatment from states. Human Rights Identify three specific civil and political rights recognized by the Universal Declaration of Human rights. 1. ) life and liberty. 2. ) prohibition of slavery. 3. ) freedom from arbitrary arrest. 4. ) prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. 5. ) right to privacy. 6. ) right of assembly. Identify three specific economic and social rights recognized by the Universal Declaration of Human rights. 1. ) right to marry and have a family. 2. ) right to own property. 3. ) right to social security. 4. ) right to education. 5. ) right to work. 6. ) right to have rest and leisure. What is the principal legal difference between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the two subsequent covenants? The other two are legal binding and internationally enforceable treaties. What documents comprise what is frequently called the International Bill of Rights? Universal Declaration of Human Rights, The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). What is the most common reason that governments violate the human rights of their citizens? Some governments violate human rights not because they are attacked, but in order to preserve their own rule. EX- After a military coup in Argentina in 1976: The Dirty War, a 7-year campaign against opponents of the regime, immediately began Almost 10,000 people were killed What is the purpose of the International Criminal Court? What type of international institutions was it intended to replace? the International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal its purpose is to to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes. The ICC is a court of â€Å"last resort. †. It replaced international ad hoc tribunals. Identify two important innovations in human rights institutions that are likely to have implications for the future. Individual Petition- Individuals are allowed to petition the Court directly if they claim a state has violated rights that are denoted in the ECHR. You read "Pol 202 Notes" in category "Papers" Individual petitions make it harder for states to block international courts from hearing cases they fear they might lose. Universal Jurisdiction- Countries may claim the right to prosecute perpetrators of crimes against humanity. This means that the location of the crime and the citizenship of the individuals involved are irrelevant. Universal jurisdiction is useful for war crimes, genocide, torture, and other serious offenses. What is universal jurisdiction. Give an actual historical example of its use. It is a principle in which countries claim the right to prosecute perpetrators of crimes against humanity regardless of the citizenship of the individual involved and the location where the crime occurred. EX-Case of Augusto Pinochet he ruled Chile in 1973-1990 and was indicted by Spanish court on numerous and charged with human rights violations in 1998. Arrested in UK in 1998 and detained. He Returned to Chile in 2000 †¢ Indicted or implicated in 300 crimes in Chile†¢ Died in 2006 prior to trial What is individual petition? Why is it significant in international relations? A right that permits individuals to petition appropriate international legal bodies directly if they believe a state has violated their rights. Significance is that individual petitions make it harder for states to block international courts from hearing cases they fear they might lose and Individuals are allowed to petition the Court directly if they claim a state has violated rights that are denoted in the ECHR. Global Environment Why does addressing global environmental problems resemble a Prisoners’ Dilemma situation? Because although a state might want to help it is in their interest to defect and have all the other state cooperating. Want cleaner environment but seek to achieve it by free riding. `What is an externality? Give an example. An externality is the cost or benefits for stakeholders other than the actor undertaking an action. When an externality exists, the decision maker does not bear all the costs or reap all the gains from his or her action. EX- if a firm decides to dump waste into a river, others bear the costs of either using contaminated water or purifying it themselves. Explain how the European Emissions Trading Scheme has managed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses. It has done that by giving the 5 dirtiest industries a tradable allowances for greenhouse gases up to the level of its existing emissions. Firms that want to exceed those levels now have to purchase credits from other European firms thus the emission levels don’t rise over all they are simply shifted from one country to another. How do common pool resources differ from pure public goods. Given an example of global common pool resources. Common pool resources are goods that are available to everyone, such as open ocean fisheries ; it is difficult to exclude anyone from using the common pool, but one user’s consumption reduces the amount available for others unlike public good where the quantity of the good can not be diminished. What was the purpose of the Montreal Protocol of 1989? It was an international treaty that is designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of CFCs and other chemical compounds. What is the most common role of Transnational Advocacy Networks in dealing with global environment problems? They monitor compliance with the environmental agreements. Environmental TANs often play the role of â€Å"fire alarm† and call attention to governments who violate agreements. Identify two reasons why ozone depletion has been an easier problem to deal with than climate change. There has been greater cooperation on ozone depletion, whereas reductions in CO2 are highly controversial. 1. ) In ozone’s case the gains from the ban on CFC far exceeded the costs of change. IN the case of climate change the are large costs to reducing CO2 and only long term benefits. Fossil fuel is way more important in the world economy and reducing it by 50% would cost the world 2 to 8 percent of the world’s GDP. 2. )Since the CFC industry was highly concentrated and small it was easier for states to cooperate (the fossil fuel industry is the opposite)- collective action problem. The Future What states are known to currently posses nuclear weapons. Untied States, Russia, United Kingdom (? ), France (? ), China (? ), India, Pakistan, North Korea, Israel is also suspected to have them. Name the five states recognized as nuclear weapons states under the 1968 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Untied States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, and China. Identify the three â€Å"pillars† of the 1968 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and explain the aim or goal of each. Non-Proliferation- Prohibited from assisting in nuclear weapons capability Disarmament- NWS agree to seek to eliminate nuclear weapons Right to peaceful use nuclear technology- All have â€Å"inalienable right† to peaceful use of nuclear technology What is the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) under the 1968 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty? To inspect non-nuclear states in the treaty to make sure they are not developing nuclear weapons like the promised. The IAEA inspections ensure that non-nuclear states do not divert enriched uranium or plutonium from their reactors and use those fissle materials to build nuclear weapons. State that are part of the treaty promise to submit to these inspections. In terms of the bargaining framework first introduced in Chapter 3, is a substantial shift in power likely to be more dangerous if the cost of war is high or if the cost of war is low? Why? It will be more dangerous if the cost of war is low because the state that is declining in power would expect to gain more from going to war than from bargaining and also all out comes that can be achieved by bargaining are farther away from that states ideal point than the ones that can be achieved by going to war. While when the cost of war is high both states have an increased bargaining ranged which is closer to their ideal points. Is the continuation of globalization inevitable? If so why? If not, what might slow or reverse it? No, history tells us that globalization is neither inevitable nor irreversible. Political conflict can slow or even reverse seemingly inevitable economic processes. For example: a period of globalization in 1913 was suddenly halted by the start of World War. How does the spread of information and communication technology increase income inequality? The spread of information and communication technology increase income inequality by making it easier for free trade and capital to flow which as increase the use of both in the process and since free trade and capital flows create both winners and losers it causes a greater increase in income inequality. What was the â€Å"Battle of Seattle†? In November 1999, delegates to a conference of the WTO met in Seattle. There were so many people protesting the conference that it became known as the â€Å"Battle of Seattle† and the meeting adjourned without an agreement. In the context of economic globalization, what is meant by the phrase â€Å"race to the bottom†? Each government sets its own rules, so governments may lower their standards in the competition to attract investment. Why is voting in the IMF said to be undemocratic Because states voting power in the IMF is based on currency rather than population. States with more money have a greater share of voting power. 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